International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127243 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Ordovician of Britain | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Nihewanian | 0.0117 | ||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Yushean | 2.58 | |||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||
Baodean | 4.9 | ||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||
Tunggurian | 11.1 | ||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||
Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | |||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||
Xiejiaan | 16.9 | ||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||
Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||
Carnian | 227 | ||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||||
Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||||
Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||||
Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | |||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||
Asselian | 293.52 | ||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | ||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | ||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | |||||||
Visean | 330.9 | ||||||||
Tournaisian | 346.7 | ||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | ||||||
Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||||
Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | |||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | |||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ashgill | Hirnantian | 443.8 | ||||
Katian | Rawtheyan | 445.2 | |||||||
Cautleyan | 448.9 * | ||||||||
Pusgillian | 449.3 * | ||||||||
Caradoc | Streffordian | Onnian † | 449.6 * | ||||||
Cheneyan | 451.5 * | ||||||||
Burrellian | 452.7 * | ||||||||
Sandbian | 453 | ||||||||
Actonian † | 453.2 * | ||||||||
Marshbrookian † | Woolstonian † | 454.2 * | |||||||
Longvillian † | 455.2 * | ||||||||
Aurelucian | 456.8 * | ||||||||
Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian | 457.4 * | ||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Llanvirn | Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn | 458.4 | |||||
Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn | 461.3 * | ||||||||
Dapingian | 467.3 | ||||||||
Arenig | Fennian | 468.4 * | |||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||||
Whitlandian | 471.1 * | ||||||||
Moridunian | 474.3 * | ||||||||
Tremadocian | Tremadoc | Migneintian | 477.7 | ||||||
Cressagian | 480.8 * | ||||||||
485 * | |||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | 485.4 | ||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||
Paibian | 494 | ||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | 497 | |||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||
Wuliuan | 504.5 | ||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | |||||||
Stage 3 | 514 | ||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||||
Fortunian | 529 | ||||||||
538.8 |