PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127245 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of the Baltic				Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	European Faunal Zones	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian									MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								MN 16						2.58
		Piacenzian									MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean									MN 15						3.6
											MN 14						4.2
											MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									MN 13						5.333
		Tortonian									MN 12						7.246
											MN 11						7.75
											MN 10						8.7
											MN 9						9.7
											MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian									MN 7 + 8						11.63
		Serravallian									MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian									MN 5						13.82
		Burdigalian									MN 4						15.98
											MN 3						16.9
											MN 2						20
		Aquitanian									MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian									MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Vokhmian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2						Vokhmian
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	Chientangkiangian				Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
			Pusgillian									449.3 *
			Pusgillian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
			Vormsi				Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
			Nabala										Johvi †	450 *
			Viru			Rakvere								450.6 *
						Rakvere					Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Oandu					Cheneyan			452 *
						Oandu					Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian				Keila							Idavere †	453
						Keila						Actonian †		453.2 *
						Haljala						Actonian †		453.9
												Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †			455.2 *
						Kukruse									456.4 *
											Aurelucian				456.8 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
						Uhaku						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
						Lasnamagi									458.9 *
						Aseri									460.4 *
						Aseri					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
			Oeland			Kunda									462.9 *
													Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
								Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
						Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian									467.3
									Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
						Billingen										469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian									470
													Latorp †			470.1 *
											Whitlandian					471.1 *
						Hunneberg					Whitlandian					473.7 *
				Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian			Tremadoc		Migneintian		477.7
									Migneintian	Lianghekou †	477.9 *
					Cressagian				480.8 *
						Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †		497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
	Series 2	Stage 3														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8