PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128314 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian					0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean				Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian	3
		Zanclean						Waipipian	3.6
								Opoitian	3.7
				Baodean				Opoitian	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan	7.246
							Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian		Shanwangian				Lillburnian	13.82
								Clifdenian	15.1
							Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian							15.98
				Xiejiaan					16.9
								Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Waitakian	23.03
								Duntroonian	25.2
								Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						33.9
							Arnold	Runangan	34.6
								Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Bortonian	41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
								Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan	47.8
								Mangaorapan	48.9
								Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Teurian	56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
								Mangaotanean	90.5
								Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Arowhanan	93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
								Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Late Albian			Motuan	100.5
					Late Albian			Urutawan	103.3
					Middle Albian			Urutawan	106.2 *
					Middle Albian		Taitai	Korangan	108.4
					Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Late Aptian	113
					Late Aptian			117.5
					Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2		Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian			139.8
					Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
					Early Berriasian			142.7 *
									145