PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127533 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian	3
		Zanclean							Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian	13.82
									Clifdenian	15.1
								Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			Waitakian	23.03
									Duntroonian	25.2
									Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		Kekeamuan					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
								Arnold	Runangan	34.6
									Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian	MP 16		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian	MP 16						Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						Bortonian	41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
									Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			Bumbanian			Heretaungan	47.8
									Mangaorapan	48.9
									Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Gashatan				Teurian	56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian							Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian							Korangan	113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
										145