PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean				Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean			Late Pleistocene			0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean			Middle Pleistocene			0.129
				Irvingtonian						0.21
									Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene			0.774
				Blancan						1.4
									Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †	Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian					Late Pliocene		Waipipian	3
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene		Waipipian	3.6
									Opoitian	3.7
				Hemphillian					Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian								7.246
				Clarendonian						9.4
								Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Middle Miocene			11.63
				Barstovian						12.5
									Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian	13.82
									Clifdenian	15.1
								Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene			15.98
				Hemingfordian						16.3
				Arikareean						18.5
									Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4				Late Oligocene		Waitakian	23.03
									Duntroonian	25.2
									Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene			27.82
				Whitneyan						29.5
				Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Chadronian			Late Eocene			33.9
								Arnold	Runangan	34.6
									Kaiatan	36.7
				Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene			37.71
									Bortonian	39.1
				Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
									Heretaungan	45.7
				Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene			47.8
									Mangaorapan	48.9
				Wasatchian					Mangaorapan	50.5
				Wasatchian					Waipawan	52
				Clarkforkian					Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian			Late Paleocene		Teurian	56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian			Late Paleocene			56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian			Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian			Middle Paleocene			60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian			Early Paleocene			61.6
		Danian		Puercan			Early Paleocene			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
										145