PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian	Senonian	Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan			Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
							Mangaotanean	90.5
							Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				Arowhanan	93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian		Gallic		Motuan	100.5
			Late Albian				Urutawan	103.3
			Middle Albian				Urutawan	106.2 *
			Middle Albian			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian					113
			Late Aptian					117.5
			Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian					139.8
			Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
			Early Berriasian					142.7 *
								145