International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Mesozoic Subages | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Wanganui | Haweran | 0 | ||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | Sheridanian | 0.0117 | |||||||||||
Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||||||||||
Cudahyan/Sappan | 0.21 | ||||||||||||||
Castlecliffian | 0.34 | ||||||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||||||
Senecan/Rexroadian | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||
Nukumaruan | 1.63 | ||||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||
Mangapanian | 2.4 | ||||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||||||||
Waipipian | 3 | ||||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||||||
Opoitian | 3.7 | ||||||||||||||
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Taranaki | Kapitean | 5.333 | |||||||||||
Tongaporutuan | 7.2 | ||||||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||||||
Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||||||||
Southland | Waiauan | 11.04 | |||||||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||||||
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||||||||
Lillburnian | 13.05 | ||||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||||||
Clifdenian | 15.1 | ||||||||||||||
Pareora | Altonian | 15.9 | |||||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||||||
Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||||||||
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | 18.5 | |||||||||||||
Otaian | 18.7 | ||||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||||
Landon | Waitakian | 21.7 | |||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||||||||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | ||||||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Duntroonian | 25.2 | ||||||||||||||
Whaingaroan | 27.3 | ||||||||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||||||||
29.5 | |||||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||||||||
Arnold | Runangan | 34.6 | |||||||||||||
Kaiatan | 36.7 | ||||||||||||||
37 | |||||||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||||||||
Bortonian | 39.1 | ||||||||||||||
Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||||||
Dannevirke | Porangan | 42.6 | |||||||||||||
Heretaungan | 45.7 | ||||||||||||||
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | ||||||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||||||||
Mangaorapan | 48.9 | ||||||||||||||
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | ||||||||||||||
Waipawan | 52 | ||||||||||||||
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | ||||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Teurian | 56 | ||||||||||||
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | ||||||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||||||
To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | ||||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||||||
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | ||||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | Mata | Haumurian | 66 | |||||||||
Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||||
Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | Piripauan | 83.6 | ||||||||||||
Raukumara | Teratan | 86.1 | |||||||||||||
Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||||
Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||||
Mangaotanean | 90.5 | ||||||||||||||
Arowhanan | 93.7 | ||||||||||||||
Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||||
Clarence | Ngaterian | 95.2 | |||||||||||||
Motuan | 99.5 | ||||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||||
Urutawan | 103.3 | ||||||||||||||
Middle Albian | 106.2 * | ||||||||||||||
Taitai | Korangan | 108.4 | |||||||||||||
Early Albian | 109.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Aptian | Late Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||||
117.5 | |||||||||||||||
Early Aptian | 119.5 * | ||||||||||||||
Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||||
Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||||
Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||||
Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||||
Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | ||||||||||||||
145 |