PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale				Ten Million Year Bins	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Villanyian		Mangapanian	2.58
							Villanyian		Waipipian	3
							Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean								3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian								7.246
							Vallesian			8.7
							Vallesian	Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5			Astaracian		Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian	13.82
									Clifdenian	15.1
								Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian					Orleanian		Altonian	15.98
							Orleanian		Otaian	18.7
							Agenian			20
		Aquitanian								20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			Waitakian	23.03
									Duntroonian	25.2
									Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian			Kekeamuan					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
								Arnold	Runangan	34.6
									Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2					Bortonian	41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
									Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian				Bumbanian			Heretaungan	47.8
									Mangaorapan	48.9
									Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1	Gashatan				Teurian	56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8				Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7					Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6					Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5					Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4					Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3					Korangan	113
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3						117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
										145