PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126164 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale				North American Land Mammal Ages			Ten Million Year Bins	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean			Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean							0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean							0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean							0.129
				Irvingtonian							0.21
										Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian									0.774
				Blancan							1.4
										Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Villanyian		Mangapanian	2.58
								Villanyian		Waipipian	3
								Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean									3.6
										Opoitian	3.7
				Hemphillian						Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
								Vallesian			8.7
				Clarendonian							9.4
									Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5	Astaracian			11.63
				Barstovian							12.5
										Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian	13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian						Orleanian			15.98
				Hemingfordian							16.3
				Arikareean							18.5
										Otaian	18.7
								Agenian			20
		Aquitanian									20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4			Waitakian	23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
				Whitneyan							29.5
				Orellan							31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian			Cenozoic 3				33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
										Kaiatan	36.7
				Duchesnean							37
		Bartonian									37.71
										Bortonian	39.1
				Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2				41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
										Heretaungan	45.7
				Bridgerian							46.2
		Ypresian									47.8
										Mangaorapan	48.9
				Wasatchian						Mangaorapan	50.5
				Wasatchian						Waipawan	52
				Clarkforkian						Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian			Cenozoic 1			Teurian	56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian							56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian							59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian	Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7		Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6		Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1			139.8
											145