International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126192 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Mesozoic Subages | Cenozoic Subepochs | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | Wanganui | Haweran | 0 | ||||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | ||||||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||||||
Castlecliffian | 0.34 | |||||||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||||||
Nukumaruan | 1.63 | |||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||||
Mangapanian | 2.4 | |||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | ||||||||||
Waipipian | 3 | |||||||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||||||
Opoitian | 3.7 | |||||||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | Taranaki | Kapitean | 5.333 | |||||||||
Tongaporutuan | 7.2 | |||||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||||
Southland | Waiauan | 11.04 | ||||||||||||
Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | ||||||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||||
Lillburnian | 13.05 | |||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||||
Clifdenian | 15.1 | |||||||||||||
Pareora | Altonian | 15.9 | ||||||||||||
Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | ||||||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||||||
Otaian | 18.7 | |||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||||
Landon | Waitakian | 21.7 | ||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||||||||
Duntroonian | 25.2 | |||||||||||||
Whaingaroan | 27.3 | |||||||||||||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | ||||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||||||
Arnold | Runangan | 34.6 | ||||||||||||
Kaiatan | 36.7 | |||||||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | ||||||||||||
Bortonian | 39.1 | |||||||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||||
Dannevirke | Porangan | 42.6 | ||||||||||||
Heretaungan | 45.7 | |||||||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | ||||||||||||
Mangaorapan | 48.9 | |||||||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||||
Waipawan | 52 | |||||||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | Teurian | 56 | ||||||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | Mata | Haumurian | 66 | ||||||||
Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||||
Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | Piripauan | 83.6 | |||||||||||
Raukumara | Teratan | 86.1 | ||||||||||||
Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||||
Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||||
Mangaotanean | 90.5 | |||||||||||||
Arowhanan | 93.7 | |||||||||||||
Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||||
Clarence | Ngaterian | 95.2 | ||||||||||||
Motuan | 99.5 | |||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||||
Urutawan | 103.3 | |||||||||||||
Middle Albian | 106.2 * | |||||||||||||
Taitai | Korangan | 108.4 | ||||||||||||
Early Albian | 109.9 * | |||||||||||||
Aptian | Late Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||||
117.5 | ||||||||||||||
Early Aptian | 119.5 * | |||||||||||||
Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||||
Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||||
Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||||
Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | |||||||||||||
Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | |||||||||||||
145 |