PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale						Obsolete Names for ICS Units	European Faunal Zones	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian					MN 17			Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian					MN 17			Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †	MN 16	Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	2.58
							MN 16			Waipipian	3
							MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene			3.6
										Opoitian	3.7
							MN 14				4.2
							MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian					MN 12				7.246
							MN 11				7.75
							MN 10				8.7
							MN 9				9.7
							MN 9		Southland	Waiauan	11.04
							MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian					MN 7 + 8	Middle Miocene			11.63
							MN 6				12.8 *
							MN 6			Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian					MN 5			Lillburnian	13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian					MN 4	Early Miocene			15.98
							MN 3				16.9
							MN 3			Otaian	18.7
							MN 2				20
		Aquitanian									20.44
									Landon	Waitakian	21.7
							MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene			23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene			33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
										Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene		Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian	41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
										Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian						Early Eocene		Heretaungan	47.8
										Mangaorapan	48.9
										Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene		Teurian	56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian								Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
										Mangaotanean	90.5
										Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	93.9							Arowhanan
			Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
				Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
				Urutawan	103.3
			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	113
		Aptian			117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
											145