PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125962 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale				North American Land Mammal Ages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean		Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean				0.129
				Irvingtonian				0.21
							Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian						0.774
				Blancan				1.4
							Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian	3
		Zanclean					Waipipian	3.6
							Opoitian	3.7
				Hemphillian			Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian						7.246
				Clarendonian				9.4
						Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian						11.63
				Barstovian				12.5
							Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian	13.82
							Clifdenian	15.1
						Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian						15.98
				Hemingfordian				16.3
				Arikareean				18.5
							Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian	23.03
							Duntroonian	25.2
							Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian						27.82
				Whitneyan				29.5
				Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian				33.9
						Arnold	Runangan	34.6
							Kaiatan	36.7
				Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian						37.71
							Bortonian	39.1
				Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian						41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
							Heretaungan	45.7
				Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian						47.8
							Mangaorapan	48.9
				Wasatchian			Mangaorapan	50.5
				Wasatchian			Waipawan	52
				Clarkforkian			Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian			Teurian	56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian		Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian			89.8
				Mangaotanean	90.5
				Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
				Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	100.5
				Urutawan	103.3
			Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	113
		Aptian			117.5
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
								145