International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126164 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleCenozoic Subepochs of Southern EuropeTen Million Year BinsEuropean Faunal UnitsCretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 6WanganuiHaweran0
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneTarantian0.0117
ChibanianIonian0.129
Castlecliffian0.34
Calabrian0.774
Nukumaruan1.63
Gelasian1.8
Mangapanian2.4
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianVillanyian2.58
Waipipian3
Ruscinian3.1 *
Zanclean3.6
Opoitian3.7
MioceneMessinianTurolianTaranakiKapitean5.333
Tongaporutuan7.2
Tortonian7.246
Vallesian8.7
SouthlandWaiauan11.04
SerravallianCenozoic 5Astaracian11.63
Lillburnian13.05
Langhian13.82
Clifdenian15.1
PareoraAltonian15.9
BurdigalianOrleanian15.98
Otaian18.7
Agenian20
Aquitanian20.44
LandonWaitakian21.7
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 423.03
Duntroonian25.2
Whaingaroan27.3
Rupelian27.82
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 333.9
ArnoldRunangan34.6
Kaiatan36.7
Bartonian37.71
Bortonian39.1
LutetianCenozoic 241.2
DannevirkePorangan42.6
Heretaungan45.7
Ypresian47.8
Mangaorapan48.9
Waipawan52
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 1Teurian56
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianCretaceous 8MataHaumurian66
CampanianCretaceous 772.1
SantonianCretaceous 6Piripauan83.6
RaukumaraTeratan86.1
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Mangaotanean90.5
Arowhanan93.7
CenomanianCretaceous 593.9
ClarenceNgaterian95.2
Motuan99.5
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4100.5
Urutawan103.3
TaitaiKorangan108.4
AptianCretaceous 3113
117.5
BarremianCretaceous 2121.4
Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1132.6
Berriasian139.8
145