PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125938 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene					Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene					Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene					Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene					Waipipian	3
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene					Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene					Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene				Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene					Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian	13.82
								Clifdenian	15.1
							Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene					Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian						Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			Waitakian	23.03
								Duntroonian	25.2
								Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
							Arnold	Runangan	34.6
								Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian	41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
								Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Bumbanian			Heretaungan	47.8
								Mangaorapan	48.9
								Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Gashatan				Teurian	56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian						Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
								Mangaotanean	90.5
								Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan	93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
								Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan	100.5
								Urutawan	103.3
							Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian						Korangan	113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
									145