PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones			Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean						Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean					Late Pleistocene			0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean					Middle Pleistocene			0.129
			Irvingtonian								0.21
										Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene			0.774
			Blancan								1.4
										Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †	Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian						Late Pliocene		Waipipian	3
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene		Waipipian	3.6
										Opoitian	3.7
			Hemphillian							Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
			Clarendonian								9.4
									Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene			11.63
			Barstovian								12.5
										Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian	13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene			15.98
			Hemingfordian								16.3
			Arikareean								18.5
										Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			Late Oligocene		Waitakian	23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				Early Oligocene			27.82
			Whitneyan								29.5
			Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				Late Eocene			33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
										Kaiatan	36.7
			Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian		MP 16				Middle Eocene			37.71
										Bortonian	39.1
			Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11							41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
										Heretaungan	45.7
			Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				Early Eocene			47.8
										Mangaorapan	48.9
			Wasatchian							Mangaorapan	50.5
			Wasatchian							Waipawan	52
			Clarkforkian							Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5			Late Paleocene		Teurian	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian	MP 6				Late Paleocene			56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian					Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian					Middle Paleocene			60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian					Early Paleocene			61.6
		Danian	Puercan					Early Paleocene			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian					Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
							Mangaotanean	90.5
							Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan	93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan	100.5
							Urutawan	103.3
						Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian					Korangan	113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
											145