International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126164 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Wanganui | Haweran | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | 0.0117 | |||||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||||||
Cudahyan/Sappan | Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||||||||
Castlecliffian | 0.34 | |||||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||||
Senecan/Rexroadian | Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||||||||
Nukumaruan | 1.63 | |||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||||
Mangapanian | 2.4 | |||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | |||||||||||
Waipipian | 3 | |||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||||
Opoitian | 3.7 | |||||||||||||
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Taranaki | Kapitean | 5.333 | ||||||||||
Tongaporutuan | 7.2 | |||||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||||
Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||||||
Southland | Waiauan | 11.04 | ||||||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | |||||||||||||
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||||||
Lillburnian | 13.05 | |||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||||
Clifdenian | 15.1 | |||||||||||||
Pareora | Altonian | 15.9 | ||||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||||||
Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||||||
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||||
Otaian | 18.7 | |||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||||
Landon | Waitakian | 21.7 | ||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | |||||||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | |||||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | |||||||||||||
Duntroonian | 25.2 | |||||||||||||
Whaingaroan | 27.3 | |||||||||||||
Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | ||||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | Chadronian | 33.9 | |||||||||
Arnold | Runangan | 34.6 | ||||||||||||
Kaiatan | 36.7 | |||||||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||||
Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | ||||||||||||
Bortonian | 39.1 | |||||||||||||
Late Uintan/Early Uintan | Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||||
Dannevirke | Porangan | 42.6 | ||||||||||||
Heretaungan | 45.7 | |||||||||||||
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||||||
Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | ||||||||||||
Mangaorapan | 48.9 | |||||||||||||
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||||||
Waipawan | 52 | |||||||||||||
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Teurian | Gashatan | 56 | ||||||||||
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||||
To3/To2/To1 | Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||||
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Mata | Haumurian | 66 | |||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||||
Santonian | Piripauan | 83.6 | ||||||||||||
Raukumara | Teratan | 86.1 | ||||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||||
Mangaotanean | 90.5 | |||||||||||||
Arowhanan | 93.7 | |||||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||||
Clarence | Ngaterian | 95.2 | ||||||||||||
Motuan | 99.5 | |||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||||
Urutawan | 103.3 | |||||||||||||
Taitai | Korangan | 108.4 | ||||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||||
117.5 | ||||||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||||
145 |