PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean			0.129
						Irvingtonian			0.21
								Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian							0.774
						Blancan			1.4
								Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian	3
		Zanclean						Waipipian	3.6
								Opoitian	3.7
						Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian							7.246
						Clarendonian			9.4
							Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian							11.63
						Barstovian			12.5
								Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian	13.82
								Clifdenian	15.1
							Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian							15.98
						Hemingfordian			16.3
						Arikareean			18.5
								Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				Waitakian	23.03
								Duntroonian	25.2
								Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian	Kekeamuan						27.82
						Whitneyan			29.5
						Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Chadronian			33.9
							Arnold	Runangan	34.6
								Kaiatan	36.7
						Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
								Bortonian	39.1
						Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian							41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
								Heretaungan	45.7
						Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian					47.8
								Mangaorapan	48.9
						Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
						Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
						Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan			Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian	Gashatan			Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian				Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian				Korangan	113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
									145