PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian			Ionian	Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian			Ionian	Middle Pleistocene				Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene				Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian	MN 17							Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian	MN 17							Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16			Late Pliocene				Mangapanian	2.58
			MN 16							Waipipian	3
			MN 15								3.2
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene					3.6
										Opoitian	3.7
			MN 14								4.2
			MN 13								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene			Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian	MN 12								7.246
			MN 11								7.75
			MN 10								8.7
			MN 9								9.7
			MN 9						Southland	Waiauan	11.04
			MN 7 + 8								11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8			Middle Miocene					11.63
			MN 6								12.8 *
			MN 6							Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian	MN 5							Lillburnian	13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian	MN 4			Early Miocene					15.98
			MN 3								16.9
			MN 3							Otaian	18.7
			MN 2								20
		Aquitanian									20.44
									Landon	Waitakian	21.7
			MN 1								22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene					23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene					33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
										Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene				Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian	41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
										Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian				Early Eocene				Heretaungan	47.8
										Mangaorapan	48.9
										Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene				Teurian	56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian								Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
										Mangaotanean	90.5
										Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		93.9						Arowhanan
				Clarence			Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan	100.5
							Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai			Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			113		Korangan
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
											145