PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126167 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cretaceous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian		Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Yushean		Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian								Late Pliocene		Waipipian	3
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene		Waipipian	3.6
												Opoitian	3.7
								Baodean				Opoitian	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian					Pannonian					Tongaporutuan	7.246
											Southland	Waiauan	11.04
								Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian					Sarmatian			Middle Miocene			11.63
							Badenian						12.8 *
							Badenian					Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian						Shanwangian				Lillburnian	13.82
												Clifdenian	15.1
											Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene			15.98
								Xiejiaan					16.9
												Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25						Late Oligocene		Waitakian	23.03
												Duntroonian	25.2
												Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21							Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A							Late Eocene			33.9
											Arnold	Runangan	34.6
												Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian	MP 16							Middle Eocene		Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian	MP 16									Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11									Bortonian	41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
												Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7							Early Eocene		Heretaungan	47.8
												Mangaorapan	48.9
												Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5						Late Paleocene		Teurian	56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Lancian/Edmontonian	Senonian					Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian			Judithian/Aquilan							Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian										Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
												Mangaotanean	90.5
												Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian										Arowhanan	93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
												Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic						Motuan	100.5
												Urutawan	103.3
											Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian										Korangan	113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
													145