PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126186 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mammal Paleogene Zones				Mesozoic Subages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Sheridanian				Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian						Sheridanian							0.129
								Cudahyan/Sappan							0.21
														Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian													0.774
								Senecan/Rexroadian							1.4
														Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian												Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian												Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Yushean		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian												Waipipian	3
		Zanclean												Waipipian	3.6
														Opoitian	3.7
								Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian							4.7
												Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian													7.246
								Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian							9.4
													Southland	Waiauan	11.04
												Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian													11.63
								late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian							12.5
														Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian										Shanwangian		Lillburnian	13.82
														Clifdenian	15.1
													Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian													15.98
								Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian							16.3
								Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				Xiejiaan			16.9
								late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian						18.5
														Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian												Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25											23.03
									Monroecreekian						23.1 *
									Geringian						24.7 *
														Duntroonian	25.2
														Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21												27.82
		Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21												29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian							33.9
													Arnold	Runangan	34.6
														Kaiatan	36.7
															37
		Bartonian	MP 16												37.71
														Bortonian	39.1
								Late Uintan/Early Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11												41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
														Heretaungan	45.7
								Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian							46.2
		Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7												47.8
														Mangaorapan	48.9
								Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean						Mangaorapan	50.5
								Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean						Waipawan	52
										Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				Teurian	56
		Thanetian	MP 6							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					56.2
		Selandian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					59.2
		Selandian								To3/To2/To1					60.9
		Danian			61.6					To3/To2/To1
		Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata			Haumurian	66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara			Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
										Mangaotanean	90.5
										Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					Arowhanan	93.9
							Clarence			Ngaterian	95.2
										Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian					Motuan	100.5
					Late Albian					Urutawan	103.3
					Middle Albian					Urutawan	106.2 *
					Middle Albian		Taitai			Korangan	108.4
					Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian						113
					Late Aptian						117.5
					Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian						139.8
					Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
					Early Berriasian						142.7 *
															145