International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Cenozoic Subepochs | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Wanganui | Haweran | 0 | ||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | Nihewanian | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||
Chibanian | Ionian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | ||||||||||
Castlecliffian | 0.34 | ||||||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||||||||
Nukumaruan | 1.63 | ||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
Mangapanian | 2.4 | ||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Yushean | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | ||||||||
Waipipian | 3 | ||||||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||||||
Opoitian | 3.7 | ||||||||||||
Baodean | 4.9 | ||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | Taranaki | Kapitean | 5.333 | ||||||||
Tongaporutuan | 7.2 | ||||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||||
Southland | Waiauan | 11.04 | |||||||||||
Tunggurian | 11.1 | ||||||||||||
Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||||||||
Lillburnian | 13.05 | ||||||||||||
Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | |||||||||||
Clifdenian | 15.1 | ||||||||||||
Pareora | Altonian | 15.9 | |||||||||||
Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||||||||
Xiejiaan | 16.9 | ||||||||||||
Otaian | 18.7 | ||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||
Landon | Waitakian | 21.7 | |||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | |||||||
Duntroonian | 25.2 | ||||||||||||
Whaingaroan | 27.3 | ||||||||||||
Rupelian | Kekeamuan | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | ||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | |||||||||
Arnold | Runangan | 34.6 | |||||||||||
Kaiatan | 36.7 | ||||||||||||
Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | ||||||||||
Bortonian | 39.1 | ||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||||
Dannevirke | Porangan | 42.6 | |||||||||||
Heretaungan | 45.7 | ||||||||||||
Ypresian | Bumbanian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | ||||||||||
Mangaorapan | 48.9 | ||||||||||||
Waipawan | 52 | ||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | Late Paleocene | Teurian | 56 | ||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Mata | Haumurian | 66 | ||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||||
Santonian | Piripauan | 83.6 | |||||||||||
Raukumara | Teratan | 86.1 | |||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||||
Mangaotanean | 90.5 | ||||||||||||
Arowhanan | 93.7 | ||||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||||
Clarence | Ngaterian | 95.2 | |||||||||||
Motuan | 99.5 | ||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||||
Urutawan | 103.3 | ||||||||||||
Taitai | Korangan | 108.4 | |||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||||
117.5 | |||||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||||
145 |