PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene				Rancholabrean			0.129
								Irvingtonian			0.21
										Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene							0.774
								Blancan			1.4
										Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean	Late Pliocene			Tertiary †			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene						Waipipian	3
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene						Waipipian	3.6
										Opoitian	3.7
								Hemphillian			4.7
			Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene					Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
								Clarendonian			9.4
									Southland	Waiauan	11.04
			Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene							11.63
								Barstovian			12.5
										Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian	Shanwangian							Lillburnian	13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene							15.98
								Hemingfordian			16.3
			Xiejiaan					Hemingfordian			16.9
								Arikareean			18.5
										Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene						Waitakian	23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene							27.82
								Whitneyan			29.5
								Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene				Chadronian			33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
										Kaiatan	36.7
								Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene							37.71
										Bortonian	39.1
								Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian									41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
										Heretaungan	45.7
								Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene							47.8
										Mangaorapan	48.9
								Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
								Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
								Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene				Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian		Late Paleocene				Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene				Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene	Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene	Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian						Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
								Mangaotanean	90.5
								Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan	93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
								Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic			Motuan	100.5
								Urutawan	103.3
							Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian						Korangan	113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian			Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
											145