PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125993 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Neogene Mammal Ages of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian		Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean		Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian					Late Pliocene		Waipipian	3
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene		Waipipian	3.6
									Opoitian	3.7
					Baodean				Opoitian	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan	7.246
								Southland	Waiauan	11.04
					Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene			11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian			Shanwangian				Lillburnian	13.82
									Clifdenian	15.1
								Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene			15.98
					Xiejiaan					16.9
									Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			Late Oligocene		Waitakian	23.03
									Duntroonian	25.2
									Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian	Kekeamuan				Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				Late Eocene			33.9
								Arnold	Runangan	34.6
									Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				Middle Eocene		Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian	41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
									Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian		Bumbanian			Early Eocene		Heretaungan	47.8
									Mangaorapan	48.9
									Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan				Late Paleocene		Teurian	56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian							Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian							Korangan	113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
										145