PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages				Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean					Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Tarantian				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean				Tarantian				0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean				Ionian				0.129
			Irvingtonian								0.21
										Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian									0.774
			Blancan								1.4
										Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian	3
		Zanclean								Waipipian	3.6
										Opoitian	3.7
			Hemphillian							Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
			Clarendonian								9.4
									Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5			11.63
			Barstovian								12.5
										Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian	13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian									15.98
			Hemingfordian								16.3
			Arikareean								18.5
										Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4		Waitakian	23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
			Whitneyan								29.5
			Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian					Cenozoic 3			33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
										Kaiatan	36.7
			Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian									37.71
										Bortonian	39.1
			Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2			41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
										Heretaungan	45.7
			Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian									47.8
										Mangaorapan	48.9
			Wasatchian							Mangaorapan	50.5
			Wasatchian							Waipawan	52
			Clarkforkian							Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian					Cenozoic 1		Teurian	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian	Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
						Mangaotanean		90.5
						Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan		93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4		Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3		Korangan	113
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3			117.5
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1			139.8
											145