PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Neogene Mammal Ages of China				Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean								Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian				Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean							Late Pleistocene			0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean							Middle Pleistocene			0.129
			Irvingtonian										0.21
												Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene			0.774
			Blancan										1.4
												Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean				Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian								Late Pliocene		Waipipian	3
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene		Waipipian	3.6
												Opoitian	3.7
			Hemphillian										4.7
						Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian											7.246
			Clarendonian										9.4
											Southland	Waiauan	11.04
						Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene			11.63
			Barstovian										12.5
												Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian				Shanwangian						Lillburnian	13.82
												Clifdenian	15.1
											Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene			15.98
			Hemingfordian										16.3
			Hemingfordian			Xiejiaan							16.9
			Arikareean										18.5
												Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					Late Oligocene		Waitakian	23.03
												Duntroonian	25.2
												Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian		Kekeamuan						Early Oligocene			27.82
			Whitneyan										29.5
			Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						Late Eocene			33.9
											Arnold	Runangan	34.6
												Kaiatan	36.7
			Duchesnean										37
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						Middle Eocene			37.71
												Bortonian	39.1
			Uintan										39.7
		Lutetian											41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
												Heretaungan	45.7
			Bridgerian										46.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian					Early Eocene			47.8
												Mangaorapan	48.9
			Wasatchian									Mangaorapan	50.5
			Wasatchian									Waipawan	52
			Clarkforkian									Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian	Gashatan						Late Paleocene		Teurian	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian	Gashatan						Late Paleocene			56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian							Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian				60.9			Middle Paleocene
		Danian	Torrejonian				Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Puercan				Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian							Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian							Korangan	113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
													145