PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126150 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ten Million Year Bins			Central Paratethys Stages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6					Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian		Tarantian								0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian		Ionian								0.129
			Ensenadan										0.3 *
												Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian										Castlecliffian	0.774
												Nukumaruan	1.63
			Sanandresian	Uquian †									1.7 *
		Gelasian											1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean										2.58
			Chapadmalalan										2.9 *
												Waipipian	3
		Zanclean										Waipipian	3.6
			Montehermosan									Opoitian	3.7 *
			Huayquerian									Opoitian	4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian							Pannonian				7.246
			Chasicoan										7.9 *
			Mayoan										9.9 *
			Laventan										10.9 *
											Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5			Sarmatian				11.63
									Badenian				12.8 *
												Lillburnian	13.05
			Colloncuran										13.7 *
		Langhian											13.82
												Clifdenian	15.1
			Friasian									Clifdenian	15.4 *
											Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian											15.98
			Santacrucian										16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian										17.4 *
												Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian											20.44
			Deseadan										20.9 *
											Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4						Waitakian	23.03
												Duntroonian	25.2
												Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican										28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3							33.9
											Arnold	Runangan	34.6
			Divisaderan									Runangan	35.9 *
												Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian										Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2							41.2
			Mustersan										41.9 *
											Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
												Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian											47.8
			Casamayoran										47.9 *
												Mangaorapan	48.9
												Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican			Cenozoic 1						Teurian	56
			Itaboraian										56.9 *
			Peligran										58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan	Cretaceous 5		93.9
					Clarence		Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4	Motuan	100.5
				Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	Cretaceous 3	113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3	117.5
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1	139.8
													145