International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2024. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2024/12. International Commission on Stratigraphy view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 61 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 128975 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Silurian of North America | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | ||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | ||||
| Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.45 | ||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.04 | ||||
| Rupelian | 27.3 | ||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | |||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||
| Lutetian | 41.03 | ||||||
| Ypresian | 48.07 | ||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||
| Selandian | 59.24 | ||||||
| Danian | 61.66 | ||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||
| Campanian | 72.2 | ||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||
| Coniacian | 85.7 | ||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||
| Aptian | 113.2 | ||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||
| Berriasian | 137.05 | ||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 143.1 | ||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||
| Norian | 205.7 | ||||||
| Carnian | 227.3 | ||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||
| Anisian | 241.464 | ||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 246.7 | |||||
| Induan | 249.9 | ||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 274.4 | |||||
| Artinskian | 283.3 | ||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | ||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | ||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | ||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.4 | |||||
| Visean | 330.3 | ||||||
| Tournaisian | 346.7 | ||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.86 | ||||
| Frasnian | 372.15 | ||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.31 | |||||
| Eifelian | 387.95 | ||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.47 | |||||
| Pragian | 410.62 | ||||||
| Lochkovian | 413.02 | ||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | Cayugan | 419.62 | ||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | Niagaran | 422.7 * | ||||
| Gorstian | 425 | ||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | Lockportian | 426.7 | ||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.6 | ||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | Ontarian | 432.9 | ||||
| Alexandrian | 438.1 * | ||||||
| Aeronian | 438.6 | ||||||
| Medinan | Clinton | 439.4 * | |||||
| 440.1 * | |||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.5 | ||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.1 | ||||
| Katian | 445.2 | ||||||
| Sandbian | 452.8 | ||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.2 | |||||
| Dapingian | 469.4 | ||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 471.3 | |||||
| Tremadocian | 477.1 | ||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | 486.85 | ||||
| Jiangshanian | 491 | ||||||
| Paibian | 494.2 | ||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | 497 | |||||
| Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||
| Wuliuan | 504.5 | ||||||
| Series 2 | Stage 4 | 506.5 | |||||
| Stage 3 | 514.5 | ||||||
| Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||
| Fortunian | 529 | ||||||
| 538.8 | |||||||