PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
							0
							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Cenozoic 6	Late Pliocene	Wanganui	Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene		Waipipian	3
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene		Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene		Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene		Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian	13.82
						Clifdenian	15.1
					Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene		Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian	21.7
							23.03
							25.2
							34.6