International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127093 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs | North American Land Mammal Ages | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | |||||||||||
| 1.4 | |||||||||||
| 2.4 | |||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | Blancan | Wanganui | Mangapanian | 2.58 | ||||
| Waipipian | 3 | ||||||||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||||
| Opoitian | 3.7 | ||||||||||
| Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | Taranaki | Kapitean | 5.333 | ||||||
| Tongaporutuan | 7.2 | ||||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
| Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||||
| Southland | Waiauan | 11.04 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||||||
| Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||||
| Lillburnian | 13.05 | ||||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
| Clifdenian | 15.1 | ||||||||||
| Pareora | Altonian | 15.9 | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||||||
| Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||||
| Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||||||
| Otaian | 18.7 | ||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
| Landon | Waitakian | 21.7 | |||||||||
| 23.03 | |||||||||||
| 25.2 | |||||||||||
| 29.5 | |||||||||||
| 34.6 | |||||||||||