International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127093 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Zones | Cenozoic Subepochs | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | ||||||||||||
2.4 | ||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | Late Pliocene | Wanganui | Mangapanian | 2.58 | |||||
Waipipian | 3 | |||||||||||
MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||||
Opoitian | 3.7 | |||||||||||
MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||||||
MN 13 | 4.9 | |||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | Taranaki | Kapitean | 5.333 | |||||||
Tongaporutuan | 7.2 | |||||||||||
Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | ||||||||||
MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||||||
MN 10 | 8.7 | |||||||||||
MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||||||
Southland | Waiauan | 11.04 | ||||||||||
MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | |||||||||||
Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | ||||||||||
MN 6 | 12.8 * | |||||||||||
Lillburnian | 13.05 | |||||||||||
Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | ||||||||||
Clifdenian | 15.1 | |||||||||||
Pareora | Altonian | 15.9 | ||||||||||
Burdigalian | MN 4 | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||||||
MN 3 | 16.9 | |||||||||||
Otaian | 18.7 | |||||||||||
MN 2 | 20 | |||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
Landon | Waitakian | 21.7 | ||||||||||
MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||||||
23.03 | ||||||||||||
25.2 | ||||||||||||
34.6 |