PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127093 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units	North American Mammal Subages/Zones	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
							0
							1.4
							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †	Senecan/Rexroadian	Wanganui	Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian	3
		Zanclean				Waipipian	3.6
						Opoitian	3.7
				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian					7.246
				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
					Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian					11.63
				late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
						Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian	13.82
						Clifdenian	15.1
					Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian					15.98
				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
				late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean/Harrisonian			18.5
						Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian	21.7
							23.03 *
							23.1
							25.2
							29.5
							34.6
							66