International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | European Faunal Units | Cenozoic Subepochs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | ||||||||||
| 2.4 | ||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Wanganui | Mangapanian | Villanyian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | |||
| Waipipian | 3 | |||||||||
| Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||
| Opoitian | 3.7 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Taranaki | Kapitean | Turolian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||
| Tongaporutuan | 7.2 | |||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
| Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||
| Southland | Waiauan | 11.04 | ||||||||
| Serravallian | Astaracian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||||
| Lillburnian | 13.05 | |||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Clifdenian | 15.1 | |||||||||
| Pareora | Altonian | 15.9 | ||||||||
| Burdigalian | Orleanian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||||
| Otaian | 18.7 | |||||||||
| Agenian | 20 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| Landon | Waitakian | 21.7 | ||||||||
| 23.03 | ||||||||||
| 25.2 | ||||||||||
| 34.6 | ||||||||||