International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127100 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Units | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | |||||||||||
2.4 | |||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | Wanganui | Mangapanian | 2.58 | |||||
Waipipian | 3 | ||||||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
Opoitian | 3.7 | ||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | Taranaki | Kapitean | 5.333 | ||||||
Tongaporutuan | 7.2 | ||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||||
Southland | Waiauan | 11.04 | |||||||||
Serravallian | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||||||
Lillburnian | 13.05 | ||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
Clifdenian | 15.1 | ||||||||||
Pareora | Altonian | 15.9 | |||||||||
Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||||
Otaian | 18.7 | ||||||||||
Agenian | 20 | ||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
Landon | Waitakian | 21.7 | |||||||||
23.03 | |||||||||||
25.2 | |||||||||||
34.6 |