International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127093 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs | European Faunal Zones | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | ||||||||||
| 2.4 | ||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | MN 16 | Wanganui | Mangapanian | 2.58 | |||
| Waipipian | 3 | |||||||||
| MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||
| Opoitian | 3.7 | |||||||||
| MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||||
| MN 13 | 4.9 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | Taranaki | Kapitean | 5.333 | |||||
| Tongaporutuan | 7.2 | |||||||||
| Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | ||||||||
| MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||||
| MN 10 | 8.7 | |||||||||
| MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||||
| Southland | Waiauan | 11.04 | ||||||||
| MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | ||||||||
| MN 6 | 12.8 * | |||||||||
| Lillburnian | 13.05 | |||||||||
| Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | ||||||||
| Clifdenian | 15.1 | |||||||||
| Pareora | Altonian | 15.9 | ||||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | MN 4 | 15.98 | |||||||
| MN 3 | 16.9 | |||||||||
| Otaian | 18.7 | |||||||||
| MN 2 | 20 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| Landon | Waitakian | 21.7 | ||||||||
| MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||||
| 23.03 | ||||||||||
| 25.2 | ||||||||||
| 34.6 | ||||||||||