International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127093 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleEuropean Faunal UnitsEuropean Faunal ZonesCenozoic SubepochsCretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
0
2.4
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianVillanyianMN 16Late PlioceneWanganuiMangapanian2.58
Waipipian3
Ruscinian3.1 *
MN 153.2
ZancleanEarly Pliocene3.6
Opoitian3.7
MN 144.2
MN 134.9
MioceneMessinianTurolianLate MioceneTaranakiKapitean5.333
Tongaporutuan7.2
TortonianMN 127.246
MN 117.75
VallesianMN 108.7
MN 99.7
SouthlandWaiauan11.04
MN 7 + 811.1
SerravallianAstaracianMiddle Miocene11.63
MN 612.8 *
Lillburnian13.05
LanghianMN 513.82
Clifdenian15.1
PareoraAltonian15.9
BurdigalianOrleanianMN 4Early Miocene15.98
MN 316.9
Otaian18.7
AgenianMN 220
Aquitanian20.44
LandonWaitakian21.7
MN 122.4
23.03
25.2
34.6