International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127681 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | Cenozoic Subepochs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | |||||||||||
| 2.4 | |||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Yushean | Wanganui | Mangapanian | Tertiary † | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | |||
| Waipipian | 3 | ||||||||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||||
| Opoitian | 3.7 | ||||||||||
| Baodean | 4.9 | ||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Taranaki | Kapitean | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||||
| Tongaporutuan | 7.2 | ||||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
| Southland | Waiauan | 11.04 | |||||||||
| Tunggurian | 11.1 | ||||||||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||||||
| Lillburnian | 13.05 | ||||||||||
| Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Clifdenian | 15.1 | ||||||||||
| Pareora | Altonian | 15.9 | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||||||
| Xiejiaan | 16.9 | ||||||||||
| Otaian | 18.7 | ||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
| Landon | Waitakian | 21.7 | |||||||||
| 23.03 | |||||||||||
| 25.2 | |||||||||||
| 34.6 | |||||||||||
| 66 | |||||||||||