PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 127681 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean				Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			Tarantian			0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean			Ionian			0.129
			Irvingtonian						0.21
								Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian							0.774
			Blancan						1.4
								Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian	3
		Zanclean						Waipipian	3.6
								Opoitian	3.7
			Hemphillian					Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian							7.246
			Clarendonian						9.4
							Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian							11.63
			Barstovian						12.5
								Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian	13.82
								Clifdenian	15.1
							Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian							15.98
			Hemingfordian						16.3
			Arikareean						18.5
								Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			Waitakian	23.03
								Duntroonian	25.2
								Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21					27.82
			Whitneyan						29.5
			Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					33.9
							Arnold	Runangan	34.6
								Kaiatan	36.7
			Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian		MP 16					37.71
								Bortonian	39.1
			Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
								Heretaungan	45.7
			Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7					47.8
								Mangaorapan	48.9
			Wasatchian					Mangaorapan	50.5
			Wasatchian					Waipawan	52
			Clarkforkian					Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5			Teurian	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian	MP 6					56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian	Puercan						63.8
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