International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127093 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleObsolete Names for ICS UnitsEuropean Faunal UnitsEuropean Faunal ZonesCenozoic SubepochsCretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
0
2.4
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianTertiary †VillanyianMN 16Late PlioceneWanganuiMangapanian2.58
Waipipian3
Ruscinian3.1 *
MN 153.2
ZancleanEarly Pliocene3.6
Opoitian3.7
MN 144.2
MN 134.9
MioceneMessinianTurolianLate MioceneTaranakiKapitean5.333
Tongaporutuan7.2
TortonianMN 127.246
MN 117.75
VallesianMN 108.7
MN 99.7
SouthlandWaiauan11.04
MN 7 + 811.1
SerravallianAstaracianMiddle Miocene11.63
MN 612.8 *
Lillburnian13.05
LanghianMN 513.82
Clifdenian15.1
PareoraAltonian15.9
BurdigalianOrleanianMN 4Early Miocene15.98
MN 316.9
Otaian18.7
AgenianMN 220
Aquitanian20.44
LandonWaitakian21.7
MN 122.4
23.03
25.2
34.6
66