International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permian of China | Carboniferous of China | Carboniferous of Western Europe | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
293.52 | ||||||||||||
297.7 | ||||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Zisongian | Kuzel | 298.9 | |||||||
Xiaodushanian | 300 * | |||||||||||
300.1 | ||||||||||||
Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||||
Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||||
Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||
Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||||
Dalaun | 305.8 * | |||||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||||
Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||||
Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||||
Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||
Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||||
Huashibanian | 318.5 * | |||||||||||
Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||||
Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||||
Lousuan | 321.2 * | |||||||||||
Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||||
Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||||
Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Dewunian | 323.2 | |||||||||
Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||||
Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||||
Shangsian | 330.8 * | |||||||||||
Visean | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | |||||||||
Jiusian | 335 * | |||||||||||
Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||||
Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||||
Tournaisian | Tangbagouan | Ivorian | 346.7 | |||||||||
Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||||
358.9 |