PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran	Saintaugustinean	Cenozoic 6			0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean				0.129
					Irvingtonian				0.21
				Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian							0.774
					Blancan				1.4
				Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian					3
		Zanclean		Waipipian					3.6
				Opoitian					3.7
				Opoitian	Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian							7.246
					Clarendonian				9.4
			Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5			11.63
					Barstovian				12.5
				Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian					13.82
				Clifdenian					15.1
			Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian							15.98
					Hemingfordian				16.3
					Arikareean				18.5
				Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian		Cenozoic 4			23.03
				Duntroonian					25.2
				Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
					Whitneyan				29.5
					Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian	Cenozoic 3			33.9
			Arnold	Runangan					34.6
				Kaiatan					36.7
					Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian							37.71
				Bortonian					39.1
					Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2			41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
				Heretaungan					45.7
					Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian							47.8
				Mangaorapan					48.9
				Mangaorapan	Wasatchian				50.5
				Waipawan	Wasatchian				52
				Waipawan	Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Clarkforkian	Cenozoic 1			56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian			Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian		Haumurian		Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
				Mangaotanean			90.5
				Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		Cretaceous 5	93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
				Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		Cretaceous 4	100.5
				Urutawan			103.3
			Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		Cretaceous 3	113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3	117.5
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1	293.52
		Asselian				Permian 1	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5	Kuzel	298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4		Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
					Arnsbergian			324 *
					Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8	Devonian 1
									419.2