PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			0
		Northgrippian			0.0042
		Greenlandian			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian			0.129
		Calabrian			0.774
		Gelasian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			5.333
		Tortonian			7.246
		Serravallian			11.63
		Langhian			13.82
		Burdigalian			15.98
		Aquitanian			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			33.9
		Bartonian			37.71
		Lutetian			41.2
		Ypresian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			56
		Selandian			59.2
		Danian			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian			72.1
		Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			100.5
		Aptian			113
		Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran		514
			Montezuman		514.8 *
			Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
					538.8