PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian of Germany	North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean			0
				Meghalayan				Santarosean			0.0004
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean			0.014
				Chibanian				Rancholabrean			0.129
				Chibanian				Irvingtonian			0.21
				Calabrian				Irvingtonian			0.774
				Calabrian				Blancan			1.4
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean							3.6
				Zanclean				Hemphillian			4.7
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
				Tortonian				Clarendonian			9.4
				Serravallian				Clarendonian			11.63
				Serravallian				Barstovian			12.5
				Langhian							13.82
				Burdigalian							15.98
								Hemingfordian			16.3
								Arikareean			18.5
				Aquitanian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
				Rupelian							27.82
								Whitneyan			29.5
								Orellan			31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian			33.9
				Priabonian				Duchesnean			37
				Bartonian				Duchesnean			37.71
				Bartonian				Uintan			39.7
				Lutetian				Uintan			41.2
				Lutetian				Bridgerian			46.2
				Ypresian				Bridgerian			47.8
								Wasatchian			50.5
								Clarkforkian			54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian			56
				Thanetian				Tiffanian			56.2
				Selandian				Tiffanian			59.2
				Selandian				Torrejonian			60.9
				Danian				Torrejonian			61.6
				Danian				Puercan			63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
				Bajocian		Humphresianum					168.4
				Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum	182
				Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni	184.2
				Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi	192.9
				Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
				Norian		208.5
				Carnian		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
				Wordian			264.28
				Roadian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
				Artinskian			283.5
				Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
				Kasimovian			303.7
				Moscovian			307
				Bashkirian			315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
				Visean			330.9
				Tournaisian			346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf			372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian			382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian			387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian			393.3
				Pragian			Siegen			407.6
				Lochkovian			Gedinnine			410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
			Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
				Aeronian						438.5
				Rhuddanian						440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
				Katian				445.2
				Sandbian				453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian				470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
				Jiangshanian				489.5
				Paibian				494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
				Drumian					500.5
				Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4					509
			Series 2	Stage 3					514
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
			Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							538.8
			Cryogenian							635
			Tonian							720
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							1000
Ectasian			1200
Calymmian			1400
Paleoproterozoic		Statherian	1600
		Orosirian	1800
		Rhyacian	2050
		Siderian	2300
Archean	Neoarchean		2500
	Mesoarchean		2800
	Paleoarchean		3200
	Eoarchean		3600
Hadean			4000
											4600