PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Britain		Silurian Ages of Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Serravallian													11.63
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Lancian/Edmontonian									66
				Campanian				Judithian/Aquilan									72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras												168.2
				Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense												168.4
				Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta												174.7
					Planulata												179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi										179.8 *
					Kanense												181.3 *
					Carlottense												182.3 *
					Kunae												183.5 *
				Pliensbachian	Kunae												184.2
					Freboldi												185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras											186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras											189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis											190.3 *
				Sinemurian													192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras										196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites												196.5 *
				Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
				Induan													251.2
				Induan									Kathwai				251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Kathwai				251.902
																	252.4 *
													Chhidru				252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian									Chhidru			Longtanian †	254.14
Kalabagh									255 *
Wargal									256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
				Wordian						264.28
										265.3 *
Amb										266.1 *
Amb				Roadian						266.9
				Roadian						270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
				Artinskian						283.5
				Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
				Kasimovian						303.7
				Moscovian						307
				Bashkirian						315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
				Visean						330.9
				Tournaisian						346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
				Pragian				407.6
				Lochkovian				410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
			Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian		427.4
				Homerian				Whitwellian		429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian						430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
				Aeronian						438.5
				Rhuddanian						440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
				Katian						445.2
				Sandbian						453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian						470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Late Cambrian	485.4
				Stage 10							Festiniogian		489.2 *
				Jiangshanian							Festiniogian		489.5
				Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian		493.1 *
				Paibian							Maentwrogian		494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
				Drumian										500.5
				Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai			Early Cambrian				509
			Series 2	Stage 3									514
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
			Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian						538.8
			Cryogenian										635
			Tonian										720
			Tonian				Karatau						800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau						1000
			Stenian				Yurmatian						1100
			Ectasian				Yurmatian						1200
			Ectasian				Burzyan						1375
																	1400