PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian of France	Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan			150
											Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras									168.2
				Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
				Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta									174.7
					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					Herangi	Ururoan			176
					Planulata									179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
					Kanense									181.3 *
					Carlottense									182.3 *
					Kunae									183.5 *
				Pliensbachian	Kunae									184.2
					Freboldi									185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi						Aratauran			188.9
														189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
				Sinemurian										192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
				Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian							Warepan			208.5
											Otamitan			217
											Oretian			221
				Carnian							Oretian			227
				Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan			237
Etalian				Ladinian				238
Etalian				Anisian				242
Malakovian				Anisian				246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian				249
Nelsonian				Induan				251.2
DUrville				Induan				Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	251.902
				Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima				Flettian		259.51
			Wordian					Flettian		264.28
			Wordian					Barettian		266
			Roadian							266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian							273.01
			Kungurian					Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian					Mangapirian		283.5
								Telfordian		285
										288.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
										Huashibanian	318.5 *
										Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian							Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean							Shangsian	330.9
			Visean							Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian							Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Couvinien		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
			Pragian									407.6
			Pragian							Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian							Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli										419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
		Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian							Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau			1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan			1375
														1400