PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran						0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian					Castlecliffian						0.34
				Calabrian					Castlecliffian						0.774
				Calabrian					Nukumaruan						1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan						1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian						2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian					Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian						3
				Zanclean					Waipipian						3.6
				Zanclean					Opoitian						3.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan						7.2
				Tortonian					Tongaporutuan						7.246
				Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan						11.04
				Serravallian					Waiauan						11.63
				Serravallian					Lillburnian						13.05
				Langhian					Lillburnian						13.82
									Clifdenian						15.1
								Pareora	Altonian						15.9
				Burdigalian					Altonian						15.98
				Burdigalian					Otaian						18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian						20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian						21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian						23.03
									Duntroonian						25.2
									Whaingaroan						27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
								Arnold	Runangan						34.6
									Kaiatan						36.7
				Bartonian					Kaiatan						37.71
				Bartonian					Bortonian						39.1
				Lutetian					Bortonian						41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
									Heretaungan						45.7
				Ypresian					Heretaungan						47.8
									Mangaorapan						48.9
									Waipawan						52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian						56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian						66
				Campanian					Haumurian						72.1
				Santonian					Piripauan						83.6
				Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
									Mangaotanean						90.5
									Arowhanan						93.7
				Cenomanian					Arowhanan						93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
									Motuan						99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan						100.5
									Urutawan						103.3
								Taitai	Korangan						108.4
				Aptian					Korangan						113
				Aptian											117.5
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
			Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian					192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
			Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
			Wordian							264.28
			Roadian							266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
			Artinskian							283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
			Asselian							Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
											Xiaodushanian	300 *
										Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
												Cantabrian	305 *
											Dalaun		305.8 *
			Moscovian										307
										Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
												Westphalian C	309.8
												Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian									Westphalian B	315.2
												Westphalian A	317 *
											Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
										Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
												Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
												Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian			322 *
									Chokierian			323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chokierian		Dewunian	323.2
									Arnsbergian			324 *
									Pendleian			327.4 *
				Shangsian					Pendleian		330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian					Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Jiusian					Warnantian	Brigantian †	335 *
									Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
									Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian	Ivorian						Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian	Hastarian						Tangbagouan	353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
Jiangshanian			489.5
Paibian			494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
Series 2		Stage 4				509
Series 2		Stage 3				514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2				521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian						Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau			1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan			1375
															1400