PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian															72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian															100.5
			Middle Albian															106.2 *
			Early Albian															109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian															113
		Aptian	Early Aptian															119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian															139.8
			Middle Berriasian															140.6 *
			Early Berriasian															142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian														145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian														146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian															152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian														154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian														157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian															168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian															168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian															174.7
			Middle Toarcian															180.4 *
			Early Toarcian															182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian	Sevatian															208.5
			Alaunian															213.2 *
			Lacian															216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian															227
		Carnian	Julian															233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian															237
		Ladinian	Fassanian															239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian															242
			Pelsonian															243.8 *
			Bithynian															244.7 *
			Aegean															245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian															247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian		251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian				Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian			Noginskian	Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
							Filipovian		276.5 *
					Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian		276.8 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
							Irginian		285.9 *
					Rusavkinian		Irginian		287.6 *
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian				303.7
					Khamovnikian				304.8
					Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian				307
					Podolskian				308.9 *
					Kashirian				311.4 *
					Vereian				313.8
					Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian				315.2
					Cheremshanian				316.9 *
					Prikamian				318.6 *
					Severokeltmian				319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
					Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian				323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan					Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian					Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian					Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill					Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan			Pirgu	445.2
								Cautleyan				448.9 *
								Pusgillian				449.3 *
			Caradoc					Streffordian			Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
								Cheneyan				Rakvere		451.5 *
								Cheneyan				Oandu		452 *
								Burrellian				Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
											Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
											Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
											Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †				455.2 *
												Kukruse			456.4 *
								Aurelucian							456.8 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					Aseri		461.3 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian												467.3
			Arenig			Fennian								468.4 *
											Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
						Whitlandian								471.1 *
						Whitlandian					Hunneberg			473.7 *
						Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian								477.7
						Cressagian								480.8 *
											Varangu			481.3 *
											Pakerort			482.2 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
																		509