PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of China		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian							100.5
					Middle Albian							106.2 *
					Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian							113
		Aptian			Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian							139.8
					Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
					Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian							168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian							174.7
					Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
					Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian			Sevatian							208.5
					Alaunian							213.2 *
					Lacian							216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian							227
		Carnian			Julian							233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian							237
		Ladinian			Fassanian							239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian							242
					Pelsonian							243.8 *
					Bithynian							244.7 *
					Aegean							245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian							247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
					Filipovian			276.5 *
					Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
					Irginian			285.9 *
					Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				Paibian				494
		Paibian				Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian			Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				Drumian			Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian					530.7
												538.8