PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America						Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
		Induan																	251.2
		Induan				Kathwai													251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian	Kathwai													251.902
																			252.4 *
						Chhidru													252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru												Longtanian †	254.14
						Kalabagh													255 *
						Wargal													256 *
			Tatarian	Vyatkian															256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian															259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian															264.28
					Noginskian														264.9 *
																			265.3 *
						Amb													266.1 *
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian		Amb													266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian															270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian															273.01
				Filipovian															276.5 *
				Filipovian	Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
				Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
				Irginian			285.9 *
				Irginian	Rusavkinian		287.6 *
				Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
				Uskalykian			294.8
				Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Krevyakinian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian			307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian			315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Cheremshanian		Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian		Lousuan	321.2 *
					Voznesenian		Lousuan	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian		Dewunian	323.2
					Protvian			324.4 *
					Steshevian			326.8 *
					Tarusian			329 *
					Tarusian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Venevian			330.9
					Mikhailovian			331.9 *
					Aleksinian			333.7 *
					Aleksinian		Jiusian	335 *
					Tulian			335.8 *
					Bobrikian			339.9 *
					Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian		Tangbagouan	346.7
					Kizelian			350.7 *
					Cherepetian			351.9 *
					Karakubian			354.4 *
					Upinian			356.3 *
					Malevkian			357.6 *
					Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian			Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Kralodvorian			Richmondian		446 *
						Berounian			Richmondian		449.7 *
									Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian			450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian			453
									Turinian			453.7 *
									Turinian			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Whiterockian			Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
			Dobrotivian	458.5 *
			Oretanian	459.7 *
				Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian							468
									Rangerian	469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian						Tulean					477.7
									Stairsian					480.3 *
									Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian					485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
																			509