PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America					Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Serravallian																				11.63
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
		Bartonian																				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Pliensbachian																				184.2
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
		Induan																				251.2
		Induan								Kathwai												251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai												251.902
																						252.4 *
										Chhidru												252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian								Chhidru											Longtanian †	254.14
										Kalabagh												255 *
										Wargal												256 *
			Tatarian	Vyatkian																		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian																		259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian																		264.28
																						265.3 *
										Amb												266.1 *
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian						Amb												266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian																		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian																		273.01
				Filipovian																		276.5 *
				Saraninian																		280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
				Irginian	285.9 *
				Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	Kralodvorian			Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Pirgu				Richmondian		446 *
							Vormsi						449.6 *
								Berounian					449.7 *
											Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Nabala				Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
							Nabala				Edenian				450.4 *
						Viru	Rakvere				Edenian				450.6 *
							Rakvere		Mohawkian		Chatfieldian				451.1 *
							Oandu								452 *
		Sandbian					Keila							Idavere †	453
							Keila				Turinian				453.7 *
							Haljala								453.9
							Haljala								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Kukruse										456.4 *
							Kukruse		Whiterockian				Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Uhaku							Aluoja †				457.5 *
												Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian																458.4
								Dobrotivian										458.5 *
							Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian										458.9 *
							Lasnamagi	Oretanian										459.7 *
							Aseri											460.4 *
							Aseri			Sarka †						461.7 *
						Oeland	Kunda									462.9 *
							Kunda							Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †								467.3
								Arenigian										468
											Rangerian							469.1 *
							Billingen				Rangerian							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian		Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
														Latorp †					470.1 *
							Hunneberg												473.7 *
											Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian					477.7			Tulean
								Stairsian		480.3 *
							Varangu	Stairsian		481.3 *
							Varangu	Skullrockian		Demingian †	482 *
							Pakerort			Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort										485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
		Paibian															494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian															Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian																Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †														504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian														509
		Stage 3			Branchian														514
		Stage 3			Placentian														517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																	529
																						538.8