PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of France	Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan					150
									Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian					Warepan					208.5
									Otamitan					217
									Oretian					221
				Carnian					Oretian					227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian					Etalian					238
				Anisian					Etalian					242
				Anisian					Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian				Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian					249
				Induan					Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan				DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan					251.902
				Changhsingian					Waiitian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Waiitian			Longtanian †		254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Puruhauan			Longtanian †		254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Aparima	Flettian					259.51
Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28				Flettian
Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Barettian	266
Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean				Shangsian	330.9
			Visean				Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Pragian				Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400